Types of Clauses
Legend:Sentence indicated by { }
Clause indicated by [ ]
NOTE:
Verbs in some of the sentences have been highlighted in Yellow to make it easy for you to identify the clause. This is a learning strategy and is not part of the answer. In the exam you could use a pencil to lightly underline the verb. Remember: No. of verbs = no. of clauses. :)
Compound Sentences: Main Clauses –
coordination.
(Note: Clauses begin AFTER a conjunction )
1)
Se { <
MCl [ Rachel went to the market ] but MCl [ she did not buy anything ]
> } .
2)
Se
{< MCl [ Meera was excited] and MCl
[so was her brother]
> }.
3)
< MCl
[Her father had promised
her a gift ] but MCl [ would he remember
] >?
4)
< MCl
[ He fought hard ] and MCl [so he won every time ] >
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No Clause
Se {A blackboard, some chalks, a duster, scattered and tattered
textbooks, a few empty benches – a typical classroom scenario}.
-
NO CLAUSE
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Noun Clauses
- answer the questions - what, who, whom - posed to the main verb
- Generally immediately precede or succeed the Main
Verb
1)
MCl [ NCling [ Coming early ] is not always desirable ]
.
2)
MCl [ I do not know NCl [what he was up to ] ].
3)
MCl [ He thought NCl [ he
was smart ] ].
4)
MCl [ “ NCl
[ I am tired ],” said Ram ] .
5)
MCl [ He claimed NCl
[ he was the winner ] ] .
6)
MCl [ < NCli [ To be ]
or NCli [ not to be ] >
is the question ] .
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Relative Clauses –
Answer the question WHICH posed to the Noun or Pronoun
Generally immediately precede or succeed the noun/
pronoun they describe
1)
MCl [ NP (The boy RCl [ who is sitting on the last bench ] ) is sleeping ].
2)
MCl [ The rains RCl [ that lashed the city yesterday
] caused a lot of
havoc ].
3)
MCl [He went into the room RCl [ where
the files were stored
] ].
4)
MCl [ The one RCling [ beaming for no reason ] went ahead with his plans
].
5)
MCl [ He reached within the time RCl
[ stipulated by the
committee ] ] .
6)
MCl [ Gandhi Jayanti RCl [that is a holiday
for the rest of the country] is a
working day for us ] .
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Adverb Clauses
Answer the questions – When, Where, How, Why – posed
to the verb, another adverb or an adjective
1)
Se { MCl
[ Hari came ACling
[ running ] ] }.
2)
MCl [ Saachi was later than ever ACl [ for she came by bus instead of
the train ] ] .
3)
MCl [ Kimberly went away ACli [ to think upon her future ]].
4)
MCl [ He arrived ACl [ when the clock struck
seven ] ].
5)
MCl [ I parked the car ACl [where the
principal generally parks it]].
6)
MCl [ ACl [ If he had studied ] , he would
have passed ].
7)
MCl [ He went ACli [ to buy vegetables ] ].
8)
MCl [ She danced ACl [ as if there were no tomorrow ] ].
9)
MCl [ He could not succeed ACl [ however much
he tried ] ]
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Preposition Clauses – Begin with prepositions
1)
MCl [ The marbles PCl [ with which I played yesterday] are missing ].
2)
MCl [ I do not like movies PCl [ in which there is too much action ] ] .
3)
MCl [ Her father shouted at her PCling [ for
coming late ] ] .
NOTE:
MCl [ He reached within the committee’s stipulated
time limit ]
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Comparative Clauses
1)
MCl [ He worked with more dedication than CCl [ was expected of him ] ].
2)
MCl [ Rajiv, faster than CCl [ even a horse could be ], reached the
gates ].
3)
MCl [ He worked as hard as CCl [ he could ] ].
4)
MCl [ His position now was superior to CCl [
even what his father had dreamed ] ].
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Mixed Clauses and Types of Subordination and Coordination
Coordination
in a sentence – { < MCl
[ ] and MCL [ ] > }
Subordination
in a sentence – { MCl [ PCl [ ] ] }
Coordination
and Subordination { < MCl [ ACl
[ ] ] and MCL
[ ] > }
Subordination
within Subordination { MCl [ ACl [ PCl [ ] ]
] }
Subordination
within Coordination { MCl
[ < NCl [ ] and NCl [ ] > ] }
Coordination
within Subordination {
MCl [NCl < RCl [ ] and RCl [
] > ] ] }
1) { MCL
[ ACling [ Panting ACl [ as he reached the corner ] ] , he raced PCL [ to where his brother lay face down ] ] }. – IDEAL Answer
{ MCL
[ ACl [ ACling [ Panting ] as he reached the corner ] , he raced PCL
[ to where his brother lay face down ] ] }. Option that may tempt
{ < MCL
[ ACling [ Panting ] as he reached the corner ] , MCl [ he raced PCL [ to where his brother lay face down ] ] > } . Option that is wrong
2)
MCl [ More excited than CCl [ he had a right RCli
[ to be ] ], he approached the star RCl [ he had (always ) admired ] ACli
[ to get the
autograph RCl [ that would make him the target
of his friends’ envy ] ] ] .
3)
MCl [ KitKat’s advertisements are displayed on TV, RClen [ also known as the Idiot Box ] ,
ACl [ every time she switches on the channel RCl [ she most likes ] ] ] .
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One Sentence Idea – Different Clause Types:
1)
{ MCl
[ The marbles RCl [ I played
with yesterday ] are missing ] }.
2)
{ < MCl
[ The marbles are missing today ] ; MCl [ I played with them
yesterday ] > }.
3)
{ MCl
[ Yesterday, I played with the marbles RCl
[ that are missing today ] ] } .
4)
{ MCl
[ The marbles are missing now ACl
[ though they were available for me ACli [ to play with ] yesterday ] ] }
.
5)
{MCl
[The missing marbles were played with yesterday by me ] } .
6)
{ MCl
[ The marbles RCling[ missing
today ] are NCl [ what I
played with yesterday ] ] } .
7)
{ MCl
[ The marbles PCl [ with
which I played yesterday ] are missing today ] } .
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