Linguistic and Stylistic Analysis of Texts - Clauses and Phrases - Introduction

Sentence indicated with       {   }

Clause indicated with           [   ]       It contains a verb

Phrase indicated with           (   )      

Is a word or a chunk of words that functions as Noun, Verb, Adjective or Adverb.

It also may be a Preposition Phrase – chunk of words announced by a preposition

Or a Genitive Phrase – contains a possessive pronoun or a possessive Noun

Coordinating Phrases / Clauses indicated with      <   >

1)      { < _MCl [   ]  and  _MCl [  ] > }.  

2)      { _MCl [  < _NP (Ram ) and _NP (Shyam ) > _VP (arrived) ] } .

Types of Clauses:

Main Clause                            MCl

Subordinate  Clause                 SCl

            Types of Subordinate Clauses:        

                        Noun Clause                NCl

                        Relative Clause             RCl

                        Adverb Clause             ACl

                        Preposition Clause        PCl

                        Comparative Clause      CCl

Types of Verbs:

Finite Verbs –

Located in Past, Present or Future with the help of modals and auxiliary verbs if need be.

Finite Clauses [Cl] have finite verbs.
Examples: _MCl [I play daily]. 
                    _MCl [ I was playing ].  
                    _MCl [ I can play].

Non-finite Verbs – Their tense cannot be identified. They are always subordinate clauses.

            Infinitive                   – to be, to have, to dream, to play                             Cli

            Present Participle      – running, swimming, playing                                   Cling

            Past Participle           – been, eaten, spoken, swum, read, played                 Clen

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Phrase Analysis - Terms

Forms                                                      Functions                                       

Noun Phrase	NP	Closed Class			Subject	S
Adjective Phrase	AjP	Conjunction	cj		Predicate	P
Adverb Phrase	AvP	Interjection	ij		Object Direct	Od
Preposition Phrase	PP	Preposition	p		Object Indirect	Oi
Verb Phrase	VP	Determiner	d		Complement	C
Genitive Phrase	GP	Enumerator	e		Adverbial	A
		Pronoun	Pn
		Verb - Modals /
		Auxilliary	v
		Open Class			Modifier	m
		Noun	N		Headword	H
		Adjective	Aj
		Adverb	Av
		Verb	V